Japan’s castles are iconic symbols of the nation’s rich history and culture. While there are around 100 castles in Japan with existing fortifications, keeps, and other structures, out of nearly 5,000 castle sites, only 12 have survived in their complete and original form. These original castles, known as “genzō tenshu,” are cherished national treasures that offer a glimpse into Japan’s architectural and historical heritage. Let’s explore these remarkable fortresses.
Kochi Castle
This well-preserved fortress in Kochi is a remarkable example of original Japanese castle architecture. With a rich history dating back to the 17th century, it offers panoramic views of the surrounding city and mountains. A must-visit for history enthusiasts and those seeking breathtaking scenery.
Marugame Castle
Located in Kagawa, this hilltop fortress boasts impressive stone walls and historical architecture. One of Japan's few remaining castles with its original keep, it offers panoramic views of the surrounding city and Seto Inland Sea. A must-see for history lovers and nature enthusiasts alike.
Matsue Castle
Matsue Castle in Shimane is one of Japan’s last original castles, known for its black façade, Edo-era history, and breathtaking views over Shinji Lake.
Bitchu Matsuyama Castle
Nestled atop a mountain in Okayama, this is Japan's highest surviving original castle, offering panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. Its preserved architecture and tranquil setting create a serene experience, blending history and natural beauty. Perfect for history buffs and nature lovers alike.
Matsuyama Castle
Matsuyama Castle in Ehime is a samurai era fortress with sweeping views, Edo-period architecture, and seasonal charm high above the city.
Uwajima Castle
Uwajima Castle in Ehime is a rare original Edo-period keep with hilltop views of the Uwa Sea, tranquil grounds, and centuries of samurai history.
Himeji Castle
Located in Hyogo, this iconic UNESCO World Heritage Site is celebrated for its brilliant white exterior and intricate feudal-era architecture. Known as the "White Heron Castle" for its elegant design, it offers panoramic views, beautifully preserved interiors, and a glimpse into Japan’s rich samurai history.
Hikone Castle
Located in Shiga Prefecture, this 17th-century National Treasure is one of Japan’s best-preserved castles. Visitors can admire its original wooden structure, panoramic views of Lake Biwa, and beautiful seasonal scenery. The adjacent museum showcases samurai artifacts and the history of the feudal era.
Inuyama Castle
Located in Aichi Prefecture, this National Treasure is one of Japan’s oldest surviving castles. Built in the 16th century, it boasts a rich samurai-era history and breathtaking views of the Kiso River. Visitors can explore its wooden interiors, steep stairs, and enjoy the serene beauty of the surrounding area.
Maruoka Castle
Nestled in Fukui, this historic site is among Japan’s oldest surviving castles. It features timeless architecture, offering a glimpse into the samurai era. In spring, its grounds come alive with cherry blossoms, creating a breathtaking contrast against the castle's rustic stone walls and traditional wooden structure.
Hirosaki Castle
Located in Aomori, this historic Edo-period site boasts a three-story keep, scenic moats, and lush gardens. Renowned for its cherry blossoms in spring, it transforms into a picturesque wonderland, offering visitors a serene and culturally rich experience with its preserved architecture and seasonal beauty.
Matsumoto Castle
This iconic landmark in Nagano is one of Japan’s best-preserved feudal castles, known for its striking black-and-white design. Surrounded by a serene moat and stunning mountain views, it offers a glimpse into samurai history and culture, making it a must-visit for history and architecture enthusiasts.
Why Visit Japan’s Original Castles?
Each of these 12 castles tells a unique story of Japan’s feudal past, showcasing architectural ingenuity, historical significance, and natural beauty. Visiting them offers a deeper appreciation of Japan’s cultural heritage and a chance to step back in time.
Tips for Exploring Japan’s Castles
- Plan Ahead: Some castles are located in remote areas, so research transportation options.
- Visit During Festivals: Many castles host seasonal events, such as cherry blossom viewings or autumn illuminations.
- Respect the Sites: As historical treasures, these castles require careful preservation. Follow all guidelines during your visit.
Embark on a journey to discover these 12 original castles and experience the timeless charm of Japan’s history and culture.
