Hakodate’s Star-Shaped Fort of History and Beauty
In the heart of Hakodate, Hokkaido, Goryokaku Park (五稜郭公園) is a rare blend of military history, striking design, and natural beauty. Once a 19th-century fortress built to protect Japan from foreign threats, it has since transformed into one of the country’s most scenic public parks, famous for its distinctive star-shaped layout, seasonal landscapes, and fascinating past.
From cherry blossom season in spring to the soft glow of winter illuminations, Goryokaku offers something remarkable year-round. Whether you’re a history buff, a photographer, or simply someone who loves exploring Japan’s unique cultural sites, this park belongs on your Hokkaido itinerary.
A Fortress with a Star-Shaped Legacy
Goryokaku was completed in the 1860s as Japan’s first Western-style fort, modeled after European bastion forts. Built by the Tokugawa shogunate to defend against possible foreign incursions, its star-shaped design allowed for better defense coverage and reduced blind spots.
The fort later became a pivotal site during the Boshin War, particularly the Battle of Hakodate in 1869, marking the final stages of Japan’s samurai era. Today, the surrounding moat, stone walls, and reconstructed Hakodate Magistrate’s Office give visitors a vivid sense of the site’s historic importance.
Best Way to See the Star – Goryokaku Tower
While walking the park’s paths lets you appreciate its tranquil beauty, the only way to fully grasp the star-shaped design is from above. The Goryokaku Tower observation deck rises 107 meters high, offering panoramic views of the park, Hakodate city, and on clear days, even Mount Hakodate. Spring brings a pink halo of cherry blossoms around the moat, while winter transforms it into a snow-covered star glowing under festive lights.
Cherry Blossom Heaven in Hakodate
With more than 1,600 cherry trees, Goryokaku Park is one of Hokkaido’s top hanami (cherry blossom viewing) spots. The Takato Kōbai and Somei Yoshino trees bloom from late April to early May, slightly later than in Japan’s main island, giving travelers a second chance to enjoy sakura season.
During the Hakodate Cherry Blossom Festival, food stalls line the park, rowboats glide across the moat, and lanterns illuminate the blossoms after sunset, creating a romantic, almost fairytale atmosphere.
Exploring the History
A visit to the Hakodate Magistrate’s Office (Bugyōsho) inside the park offers insight into the daily life and governance during the Edo period. This meticulous reconstruction uses traditional techniques and materials, allowing visitors to step back in time.
Other remnants, such as the stone walls, moats, and grassy embankments, give a sense of the original fort’s scale. Informational signs in multiple languages help international visitors understand the historical context.
Getting There
From Hakodate Station, take the tram to Goryokaku-Kōen-Mae and walk about 10 minutes to the park. By car, it’s around 15 minutes from central Hakodate, with parking available nearby.
